Fiqh-Us-Sunnah Notes, Janaa’iz (Funerals), Ch. 2: Visiting The Sick

Fiqh-Us-Sunnah, Volume 4, Janaa’iz (Funerals)

CHAPTER 2: Visiting the Sick

{{No notes available on this chapter, as I did not have the book while in this class! Sad, but true! Real notes start from chapter 4. However, I have put what I remembered of notes where applicable. All notes are between “{{” and “}}”. }}

It is Islamic etiquette to visit a sick Muslim, to provide him moral support, and to make sure that he or she is well taken care of.

Ibn ‘Abbas said: “The first visit to a sick person is sunnah, while any subsequent visit is a voluntary act (a good deed).” Abu Musa reported that the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: “Feed the hungry, visit the sick, and free the captives.” [Bukhari]

The Prophet, peace be upon him, said: “A Muslim has six obligations to another Muslim.” “What are these?” they asked. He replied: “To greet another Muslim when you meet him; to respond when he invites you; to give him your (sincerest) advice when he seeks it; to say ‘may Allah have mercy upon you’ when he sneezes and says ‘ may Allah be praised ‘; to visit him when he falls ill; and when he dies, to attend his funeral.” [Bukhari & Muslim]

CHAPTER 2a: Reward for Visiting the Sick

Abu Hurairah narrated that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: “A caller from heaven calls out to the person who visits a sick person, ‘You are good and your path is good. May you enter your residence in Paradise’.” [Ibn Maajah]

Abu Hurairah reported that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: “Verily, Allah, the Exalted and Glorious, will say on the Day of Judgement: ‘O Son of Adam! I fell ill, but you did not visit Me.’ The human will ask, ‘O my Sustainer! How could I visit You when You are the Sustainer of the Worlds? And how can You fall sick?’ He, the Almighty, will say, ‘Did you not know that such and such a servant of Mine was sick. But you did not visit him. Did you not know that, had you visited him, you would have found Me by his side? O Son of Adam! I asked you for food, but you fed Me not?’ The man will say, ‘O my Sustainer! How could I feed You when You are the Sustainer of the Worlds? And You are free from hunger?’ He, the Almighty, will say: ‘Such and such a servant of Mine asked you for food, but you refused to give him any. Did you not know that, had you fed him, you would have found it recorded here with Me? O Son of Adam! I asked you for a drink, but you did not give Me any.’ The man will say, ‘O my Sustainer! How could I give You a drink while You are the Sustainer of the Worlds and are free from thirst?’ He, the Almighty will say, ‘ Such and such a servant of Mine asked you for a drink, but you did not give him any. Had you given him a drink, you would have surely found that recorded with Me.”‘ [Muslim]

Thawban reported that the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: “Verily, when a Muslim visits his sick Muslim brother, he is, as it were, in one of the gardens of Paradise (enjoying its ripe fruits) until he returns to his home.”

Ali said: “I heard the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, saying: ‘When a Muslim visits a sick Muslim in the morning, seventy thousand angels pray for him, and they continue praying for him until that evening. When one visits the sick in the evening, the angels pray for him and continue praying for him until the next morning. Moreover, he will be rewarded with the choicest fruits of Paradise.” [Tirmidhi has reported it as a sound hadith]

CHAPTER 2b: Etiquette of Visiting the Sick

It is recommended that the visitor pray for the recovery and health of the patient and that he should urge him to endure his trouble patiently. He should say nice words to cheer him up and keep his spirits high. The Prophet, peace be upon him, said: “When you visit a sick person, give him hope for a long life. This will not avert anything, but will please the patient and give him comfort.” When the Prophet, peace be upon him, visited a sick person he used to say to him: “Do not worry! It is a means of cleansing (you) of sins, Allah willing.”

It is preferred to shorten the visits and to make them less frequent as far as possible, lest they should become burdensome for the patient, except when the patient himself desires longer and more frequent visits.

CHAPTER 2c: Women Visiting (Sick) Men

Bukhari reports: “Umm ad-Darda went to visit one of the Ansar who used to come to the mosque.” [Bukhari – Chapter on women visiting sick men] It is narrated from ‘Aishah that she said: “When the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, migrated to Madinah, both Abu Bakr and Bilal fell sick. So I went to see them, and I said: ‘O dear father! How are you (now)?’ And, ‘O Bilal! How are you now?’ She (further) said: ‘When Abu Bakr had high fever he would recite:

Every man is amongst his family, yet death is nearer to him than his shoe laces.

And when Bilal recovered from fever, he would recite: Would that I could stay overnight in a valley wherein I should be surrounded by izhkhir and jalil (kinds of fragrant grass). Would that one day I could drink of the water of Majinna, and would that (the two mountains) Shama and Tafil would appear to me.

‘Aishah added: “Then I went to Allah’s Messenger and told him about it, whereupon the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: ‘O Allah! Bestow on us the love of Madinah as we love Makkah, or even more than that. O Allah ! Make it healthy and bless its sa’ and mudd (measures of food) for us, and divert its fever to (the place called) al-Juhfah.”

CHAPTER 2d: Muslim Visiting a Non-Muslim Patient {{Note: Only if you’re going to give him da’wah and call him to Islam}}

It is permissible for a Muslim to visit a sick non-Muslim person. In the chapter, “Visiting a Sick Polytheist,” Bukhari says: It is narrated on the authority of Anas that “a Jewish boy, who used to serve the Prophet, peace be upon him, once fell ill. The Prophet, peace be upon him, visited him and invited him to Islam, saying: ‘Submit to Allah’s will.’ So he accepted Islam.” Similarly Bukhari narrates from Sa’id ibn al-Musayyab that he reported from his father that “when Abu Talib (the Prophet’s uncle and an idolater) was on his deathbed, the Prophet, peace be upon him, visited him.” {{Note: And he (saw) asked him to accept Islam.}}

CHAPTER 2e: Visiting an Eye Patient

Abu Daw’ud narrates that Zaid bin al-Arqam said: “I suffered from an eye disease and the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, came to visit me.”

CHAPTER 2f: Asking the Sick for a Prayer {{Note: Absolutely not! It should be the opposite!}}

Ibn Majah narrates on the authority of Umar that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: “When you visit a sick person, ask him to pray for you. Indeed, the prayer of a sick person is like the prayer of angels.” According to the author of Az-Zawa’ id, the chain of narrators of this hadith is broken, yet it is sound and trustworthy, because otherwise it is authentic and narrators are trustworthy. {{Note: Incorrect, it is, in fact, a weak hadith and should not be acted upon as logically speaking this would also cause the patient unnecessary and more pain.}}

CHAPTER 2g: Seeking Medical Treatment

There are many hadith which encourage the Muslims to seek medical treatment.

Usamah ibn Shuraik narrated: “I came to the Prophet, peace be upon him, and found him with his companions. They were calm and serene as if there were birds over their heads. I greeted them and sat down. Then some bedouins came from various places. They askezhim: ‘O Allah’s Messenger! Should we seek medical treatment for our illnesses?’ He replied: ‘Yes, you should seek medical treatment, because Allah, the Exalted, has let no disease exist without providing for its cure, except for one ailment, namely, old age’.” (Reported by Ahmad and the six sunnan. Tirmizhi considers it a sound hadith.)

Anas ibn Mas’ud reported that the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: “Verily, Allah has not let any malady occur without providing its remedy.

Therefore seek medical treatment for your illnesses.” ( Nasa’i, Ibn Majah, and al-Hakim.)

Jabir narrated that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: “There is a cure for every disease. Whenever an illness is treated with its right remedy, it will, by Allah’s permission, be cured.” (Muslim)

CHAPTER 2h: Using Prohibited Things As Medicine

The majority of scholars hold that the use of wine and other prohibited things as medicine, is unlawful. They base their arguments on the following hadith:

Wa’il ibn Hujr al-Hadrami reported that, “Tariq ibn Suwaid asked the Prophet, peace be upon him, if he could use liquor as medicine. The Prophet replied: ‘It is not a cure, but a disease’.” (Muslim, Abu Daw’ud, and Tirmizhi.)

Umm Salamah, the wife of the Prophet, peace be upon him, reports that he once said: “Allah has not placed a cure for your diseases in things that He has forbidden for you.” (Reported by Baihaqi; Ibn Hibban considers this hadith to be sound.Bukhari has also related it on the authority of Ibn Mas’ud.)

Abu ad-Darda reported that the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: “Allah has sent down both the malady and its remedy. For every disease He has created a cure. So seek medical treatment, but never with something the use of which Allah has prohibited.” (Reported by Abu Daw’ud. Among the natrators of this hadith we find Isma’il ibn ‘Aiyash, who is considered trustworthy by the Syrians, but regarded as a weak narrator by the scholars of Hijaz.)

Abu Hurairah narrated: “The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, prohibited the use of a harmful medicine, namely, poison.”(Ahmad, Muslim, Tirmizhi, and Ibn Majah.)

Using a few, unnoticeable drops that cannot induce intoxication, is not prohibited, provided they are a part of a compound medicine. For example, the use of a small amount of pure natural silk in a woven fabric, as explained in al-Manar.

CHAPTER 2i: Treatment by a non-Muslim Physician

In his book, Al-Adab ash-Shar’iah, Ibn Muflih writes that Shaikh Taqiyyuddin Ibn Taymiyyah said: “A credible Jew or Christian who has medical expertise may treat a sick Muslim. Such a person may, likewise, be entrusted with funds or other financial transactions, for Allah, the Exalted, says: ‘Among the People of the Book are some who, if entrusted with a hoard of gold, will (readily) pay it back; others, who, if entrusted with a single silver coin, will not repay it unless you constantly stand over them demanding it’.” (Qur’an 3.75)

We find in a sound hadith that the Prophet, peace be upon him, hired a polytheist as a guide at the time of his migration to Madinah, so he entrusted him with his life and money. The people of the tribe of Khuza’ah, who were both Muslims and non-Muslims, acted as scouts for the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him. It is also reported that the Prophet, peace be upon him, ordered Muslims to seek treatment from Al-Harith ibn Kaldah, who was a disbeliever. But when a Muslim physician with the expertise is available, one should seek his or her treatment and not turn to anyone else. The same applies when one has to entrust a person with funds or deal with him in business. If a Muslim has to confide in or turn to someone from the people of the Book for medical treatment, he may do so. It is not prohibited to befriend Jews and Christians. And when the Muslim has an opportunity to talk to them, he should address them in ways that are polite and sincere. Indeed, Allah, the Exalted, says: “And do not argue with the people of the Book, except in ways that are best.” [Qur’an 29.46]

In a hadith on the Treaty of Hudaibiyah, Abu Al-Khattab tells us that “the Prophet, peace be upon him, sent a man of the Khuza’ah tribe to gather intelligence, and the Prophet, peace be upon him, accepted his report despite the fact that he was a disbeliever.” This proves, according to Abu Al-Khattab, that it is quite permissible to take the advice of a non-believing physician for diagnosis and treatment, provided he is not suspect and his fidelity is not doubtful.”

CHAPTER 2j: Permission for a Woman to Seek Medical Treatment from Men

In cases of necessity, it is permissible for a man to treat a woman, and for a woman to treat a man. Bukhari reports from Rubayyie’ bint Mu’awwizh ibn ‘Afra that she said: “We participated in battles with the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, and we (women) provided the people with water, looked after them, and brought the wounded and the dead back to Madinah.” (Bukhari, Chapter on “Can a Man Treat a Woman, or a Woman a Man?”)

In his book, Al-Fath, Al-Hafiz writes: “When necessary, it is permissible to treat strangers with whom one is not related or not consanguine. Therefore, looking at, probing, and touching, etc., in such cases are also allowed.”

In Al-Adab al-Shar’iah Ibn Muflih writes: “If a woman is sick and no female doctor {{Note: Muslim (preferable) or non-Muslim}} is available, a male doctor may treat her. In such a case the doctor is permitted to examine her, including her genitals. The same applies to a male doctor treating a sick man. Ibn Hamdan says: “If a man is sick and there is no male doctor {{Note: Muslim (preferable) or non-Muslim}} available to treat him, then he may be treated by a female doctor. She is permitted to examine him, including his genitals.” AlQadi writes: “A physician is permitted to look at a woman and her private parts in case of necessity. Likewise, if need be, a woman or a man is permitted to look at the private parts of a man.”

CHAPTER 2k: Use of Incantation and Supplications in the Treatment

The use of incantation and supplications is allowed for treatment, provided their content is the remembrance of Allah and they are written in a comprehensible language. Otherwise their content might well contain something polytheistic without one being aware of it. ‘Awf ibn Malik reported: “We practiced incantation in the pre-lslamic days so we asked the Messenger of Allah, ‘What is your opinion about it?’ He said: ‘Let me see your incantations.

There is nothing wrong with the incantation that does not contain any polytheistic statements’.” (Muslim and Abu Daw-ud)

Ar-Rabi ‘ says: “I asked Ash-Shafi ‘ i about incantation. He replied: ‘There is nothing wrong in using the Qur’an for incantation or any other words that contain Allah’s remembrance.’ Then I asked him: ‘Is it permissible for Muslims to approach the Christians and the Jews for incantation? ‘ Ash-Shafi’i replied: ‘Yes, provided they use the revelation from Allah and words that contain His remembrance’.” {{Note: This hadith/statement of Ash-Shafi’iy cannot be used now because back then there were still some ‘true’ verses in those books.}}

CHAPTER 2l: Some Supplications Found in Hadith

‘Aishah reports that the Prophet, peace be upon him, used to seek refuge in Allah for some of his family members. He used to touch them with his right hand, saying: Allahahuma Rabbin nas azhhabal ba’sa, ashfi wa antashafi, la shifa’ illa shifa’uka shifa’ la yughadiru saqma “O Allah! The Sustainer of mankind! Remove the illness, cure the disease. You are the One Who cures. There is no cure except Your cure. Grant (us) a cure that leaves no illness.” (Bukhari and Muslim)

{{Note: The following four paragraphs show that you don’t need to go to some ‘pious’ or ‘holy’ dude to do such things/dua for you.}}

‘Uthman ibn Abu Al-‘As relates that “once he complained of pain in his body to Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him. The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him, said: ‘Put your hand where you feel pain in your body and say, “Bismillah (in the name of Allah),” and say, “A ‘uzhu bi ‘izzatillah wa qudratihi min sharri ma ajidu wa uhazhiru (I seek refuge in the might of Allah and in His Power from the evil that I find and that I fear),” seven times’.” ‘Uthman continued: “I did that a few times and Allah removed my pain. I always advised my family and others to do the same.” (Muslim)

Muhammad ibn Salim reported: “Thabit Al-Banani said to me: ‘O Muhammad ! When you have any pain, put your hand where you feel pain, then say: Bismallaha’uzhu bi’izatillah min shari ma ajidu min waj’i hazha

“In the Name of Allah! I seek refuge in Allah’s might from the evil of this pain. ” Then remove your hand, and repeat the same for an odd number of times. Then he said to me that Anas ibn Malik had told him that Allah’s Messenger, peace be upon him, had taught this to him.” (Tirmizhi)

‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abbas reported that the Prophet, peace be upon him, said: “When someone visits a sick person whose time of death has not come, and says seven times: As’alu Allah al ‘azim Rabbil ‘arshil azim an yshfiaka ‘I ask Allah, the Mighty, the Lord of the mighty throne, to cure you,’Allah will cure him of that illness.” (Reported by Abu Daw’ud and Tirmizhi, who says it is a hasan (good) hadith. Al-Hakim says that it is sound according to Bukhari’s criteria)

‘Abdullah ibn ‘Abbas also narrates that “the Prophet, peace be upon him, used to seek protection for Al-Hasan and Al-Hussain (his grandsons) with the words: A’uzhukuma bi kalamatillahi tamah min kulli shaitanin wa hamatin wa min kulli ‘ainin lamatin ‘I seek protection for you with Allah’s perfect words from every satan and crawling creature and every evil eye.’ He also added: ‘Your father (Ibrahim) sought protection for Ismai’l and Ishaq with these same words’.” (Bukhari) {{Note: He (saw) used to place his hand on each one’s head and do this, i.e, one hand on one’s head and the other hand on the other one’s head, and then recite the dua for both of them at the same time (two people at a time).}}

Sa’d ibn Abi Waqqas reports that “the Prophet, peace be upon him, visited him while he was sick and said: ‘O Allah, make Sa’d well! O Allah, make Sa’d well! Make Sa’d well!”‘ (Muslim)